A Phenomenological Perspective on Early Marriage: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions (A Case Study in Dusun Dudukan, Singaraja Village – Singajaya, Indramayu District)

Abstract

Early marriage a union entered into before reaching ideal physical, mental, and social maturity—has become a widespread phenomenon in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas such as Blok Dudukan, Singajaya Village, Indramayu District, West Java. Phenomenological research using a qualitative approach reveals that the main causes of early marriage include economic pressure on families, low levels of education, cultural or traditional constraints, and limited access to legal protection and reproductive health services. Some individuals are also driven by personal and environmental factors such as premarital pregnancy, the desire to avoid social stigma, or family pressure. The impacts of early marriage are complex. Psychologically, participants often experience stress, depression, emotional instability, and a sense of unpreparedness in facing household responsibilities. From a health perspective, there are increased risks of high-risk pregnancies, reproductive complications, and higher rates of maternal and infant mortality. In terms of social and educational effects, early marriage contributes to school dropouts, limited employment opportunities, economic dependence, and less effective parenting patterns. The solutions, based on interviews and field observations, include improving education and awareness, strengthening the role of government and community leaders, as well as providing guidance and counseling for young couples to build psychologically and economically healthy families. Through a phenomenological perspective, this study presents a rich understanding of the meanings and lived experiences of those involved in early marriage—showing that it is not merely an individual issue, but also deeply connected to structural and cultural factors. Therefore, addressing early marriage requires a holistic and collaborative approach.